Upper Mustang. The name itself conjures images of windswept landscapes, ancient monasteries clinging to cliff faces, and a culture frozen in time. I first trekked there in 2018, and the stark beauty of the region, coupled with the warmth of the local people, left an indelible mark. Now, planning a return trip for the 2025 trekking season, I’m more conscious than ever of ensuring my journey is not just unforgettable, but also sustainable. This guide is for those dreaming of Upper Mustang, offering practical advice for responsible trekking, especially during the summer/monsoon months.

The unique landscape of Upper Mustang, a high-altitude desert nestled in the rain shadow of the Himalayas, makes it accessible even during the monsoon season when other parts of Nepal are heavily rained upon. However, the summer months (June-August) bring their own challenges, including increased humidity, potential landslides, and the risk of flash floods. This guide will help you navigate these conditions while minimizing your environmental impact and supporting the local economy.

Planning Your Sustainable Upper Mustang Trek

Sustainable trekking isn’t just about avoiding litter; it’s a holistic approach that considers the environment, the local community, and your own well-being. For Upper Mustang, this means careful planning, respectful interaction, and a commitment to responsible practices throughout your journey. Remember to book well in advance, especially for the popular autumn trekking season (September-November), though summer offers its own unique charm and fewer crowds.

Choosing the Right Trekking Route and Duration

The classic Upper Mustang trek typically takes 10-12 days, starting from Jomsom and culminating in Lo Manthang, the ancient walled city. However, shorter or longer variations are possible, depending on your time and fitness level. Consider these options:

• Classic Lo Manthang Trek (10-12 days): Jomsom – Kagbeni – Chele – Geling – Dhakmar – Lo Manthang – Return.
• Shorter Trek (7-8 days): Focus on the lower Mustang region, exploring Kagbeni, Muktinath, and surrounding villages.
• Extended Trek (14+ days): Incorporate side trips to remote monasteries, explore the Damodar Kunda lakes, or trek further north towards the Tibetan border.

For a summer trek, factor in extra time for potential delays due to weather. Landslides are possible, especially after heavy rainfall, so be prepared to adjust your itinerary accordingly. I recommend allowing at least 2 buffer days in your schedule for unexpected disruptions.

Securing Permits and Fees

Upper Mustang requires a special Restricted Area Permit (RAP), which is significantly more expensive than permits for other trekking regions in Nepal. As of 2025-07-20, the RAP costs US$500 per person for the first 10 days and US$50 per day thereafter. This permit is non-refundable and must be obtained through a registered trekking agency in Kathmandu or Pokhara.

In addition to the RAP, you’ll also need a Trekking Information Management System (TIMS) card, which costs NPR 2000 per person (approximately US$15). Remember to carry multiple photocopies of your passport, visa, and permits for checkpoints along the way.

Packing Essentials for a Sustainable Summer Trek

Packing light is crucial for sustainable trekking. Every item you carry impacts the environment, so choose wisely. Focus on durable, reusable gear and minimize single-use plastics. Here’s a checklist:

• Clothing: Lightweight, quick-drying layers, waterproof jacket and pants, fleece jacket, trekking pants, thermal underwear, sun hat, warm hat, gloves.
• Footwear: Sturdy trekking boots, trekking socks (wool or synthetic), sandals or flip-flops for lodge accommodation.
• Gear: Backpack (40-60 liters), trekking poles, water bottle or hydration reservoir, water purification tablets or filter, headlamp, sunglasses, sunscreen (SPF 50+), insect repellent.
• Toiletries: Biodegradable soap, shampoo, and toothpaste; hand sanitizer; toilet paper (pack it out!).
• Medical Kit: First-aid kit with blister treatment, pain relievers, diarrhea medication, altitude sickness medication (consult your doctor).
• Other Essentials: Reusable shopping bag, reusable food containers, power bank, camera, binoculars, books or e-reader.

Avoid bringing single-use plastic bottles. Instead, invest in a high-quality water filter or purification tablets to refill your bottle from streams and taps. Most tea houses now offer boiled water refills for a small fee.

Sustainable Practices on the Trail

Once you’re on the trail, your actions directly impact the environment and the local community. Adopting sustainable practices is not only responsible but also enhances your trekking experience.

Minimizing Waste and Litter

The most obvious way to be sustainable is to minimize waste. Pack out everything you pack in, including wrappers, packaging, and personal items. Avoid purchasing products with excessive packaging and opt for reusable alternatives whenever possible.

If you see litter on the trail, pick it up! Even small acts of kindness can make a big difference. I always carry a small trash bag to collect any litter I find along the way. Encourage your trekking companions to do the same.

Conserving Water and Energy

Water is a precious resource in Upper Mustang, especially during the dry season. Use water sparingly when washing, showering, and brushing your teeth. Avoid using soap directly in streams and rivers.

Electricity is also limited in many tea houses. Conserve energy by turning off lights when you leave your room and unplugging devices when they’re fully charged. Consider using a solar charger for your electronics.

Supporting Local Businesses and Communities

One of the best ways to promote sustainable tourism is to support local businesses. Stay in family-run tea houses, eat local food, and purchase souvenirs directly from artisans.

Negotiate prices fairly and be respectful of local customs. Remember that tourism is a vital source of income for many families in Upper Mustang. A little extra generosity can go a long way.

Respecting Local Culture and Traditions

Upper Mustang is a culturally rich region with unique traditions and customs. Dress modestly, especially when visiting monasteries and religious sites. Ask permission before taking photos of people or places.

Learn a few basic Nepali phrases, such as “Namaste” (hello) and “Dhanyabad” (thank you). This simple gesture shows respect and appreciation for the local culture.

Tea House Trekking and Lodge Accommodation in Upper Mustang

Tea house trekking is the most common and arguably the most sustainable way to experience Upper Mustang. Lodge accommodation is readily available in most villages along the trekking route, offering basic but comfortable rooms and meals. While mountain hotels with more amenities are present in Lo Manthang, selecting local tea houses supports the community directly.

Choosing Sustainable Tea Houses

When selecting a tea house, consider these factors:

• Local Ownership: Prioritize tea houses that are owned and operated by local families.
• Waste Management Practices: Ask about their waste disposal methods. Do they recycle? Do they compost?
• Water Conservation Measures: Do they have water-saving devices in their bathrooms? Do they collect rainwater?
• Energy Efficiency: Do they use solar power or other renewable energy sources?
• Food Sourcing: Do they source their food locally? Do they support local farmers?

Don’t be afraid to ask questions and express your interest in sustainable practices. Your inquiries can encourage tea house owners to adopt more responsible methods.

Typical Costs of Tea House Trekking

Tea house trekking in Upper Mustang is relatively affordable. Expect to spend around US$25-40 per day, including accommodation, meals, and drinks. This is in addition to the cost of the RAP and TIMS card.

Here’s a breakdown of typical costs:

• Accommodation: NPR 500-1000 per night (approximately US$4-8)
• Meals: NPR 400-800 per meal (approximately US$3-6)
• Drinks: NPR 100-300 per drink (approximately US$1-3)
• Permits and Fees: US$515 (RAP and TIMS)
• Porter/Guide (optional): US$25-40 per day

These prices are approximate and can vary depending on the season, the location, and your bargaining skills. Remember to factor in extra costs for transportation, souvenirs, and tips.

Safety Considerations for Summer/Monsoon Trekking

Trekking in Upper Mustang during the summer/monsoon season presents unique challenges. Be prepared for potential hazards and take necessary precautions to ensure your safety.

Altitude Sickness

Altitude sickness is a serious concern at high altitudes. Upper Mustang is a high-altitude desert, so acclimatization is crucial. Ascend gradually, drink plenty of water, and avoid strenuous activity during the first few days. Recognize the symptoms of altitude sickness (headache, nausea, fatigue) and descend immediately if they appear. Diamox can help with acclimatization, but consult your doctor before taking it.

Landslides and Flash Floods

The monsoon season can trigger landslides and flash floods. Check weather forecasts regularly and be aware of potential hazards. Avoid trekking during periods of heavy rainfall. If you encounter a landslide or flash flood, seek higher ground and wait for conditions to improve.

River Crossings

River crossings can be particularly dangerous during the monsoon season. Water levels can rise rapidly, making crossings difficult and hazardous. If possible, avoid crossing rivers during periods of heavy rainfall. If you must cross a river, find a shallow and stable point and use trekking poles for support.

Wildlife Encounters

Upper Mustang is home to a variety of wildlife, including snow leopards, blue sheep, and Himalayan tahr. While encounters are rare, it’s important to be aware of potential risks. Keep a safe distance from wildlife and avoid feeding them. Store food properly to prevent attracting animals to your campsite or tea house.

Travel Insurance

Comprehensive travel insurance is essential for any trek in Nepal. Make sure your insurance covers medical expenses, evacuation, and repatriation. Check that your policy covers trekking at high altitudes.

Conclusion: Trekking Responsibly in Upper Mustang

Upper Mustang is a truly magical place, and by embracing sustainable trekking practices, we can help preserve its beauty and cultural heritage for generations to come. From carefully planning your route to minimizing your environmental impact and supporting local communities, every action counts. So, pack your bags, lace up your boots, and embark on an unforgettable journey to the Kingdom of Lo, knowing that you’re trekking responsibly and leaving a positive footprint.

Planning your Upper Mustang trek for the 2025 season? I encourage you to contact a reputable trekking agency that prioritizes sustainable tourism practices. Share this guide with your fellow trekkers and let’s all commit to exploring this incredible region responsibly!